externalWallHeatFluxTemperatureFvPatchScalarField.C

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    Copyright (C) 2015-2019 OpenCFD Ltd.
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    This file is part of OpenFOAM.
 
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#include "externalWallHeatFluxTemperatureFvPatchScalarField.H"
#include "addToRunTimeSelectionTable.H"
#include "fvPatchFieldMapper.H"
#include "volFields.H"
#include "physicoChemicalConstants.H"
 
using Foam::constant::physicoChemical::sigma;
 
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
const Foam::Enum
<
    Foam::externalWallHeatFluxTemperatureFvPatchScalarField::operationMode
>
Foam::externalWallHeatFluxTemperatureFvPatchScalarField::operationModeNames
({
    { operationMode::fixedPower, "power" },
    { operationMode::fixedHeatFlux, "flux" },
    { operationMode::fixedHeatTransferCoeff, "coefficient" },
});
 
 
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Constructors  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
Foam::externalWallHeatFluxTemperatureFvPatchScalarField::
externalWallHeatFluxTemperatureFvPatchScalarField
(
    const fvPatch& p,
    const DimensionedField<scalar, volMesh>& iF
)
:
    mixedFvPatchScalarField(p, iF),
    temperatureCoupledBase
    (
        patch(),
        "undefined",
        "undefined",
        "undefined-K",
        "undefined-alpha"
    ),
    mode_(fixedHeatFlux),
    Q_(0),
    q_(),
    h_(),
    Ta_(),
    relaxation_(1),
    emissivity_(0),
    qrRelaxation_(1),
    qrName_("undefined-qr"),
    thicknessLayers_(),
    kappaLayers_()
{
    refValue() = 0;
    refGrad() = 0;
    valueFraction() = 1;
}
 
 
Foam::externalWallHeatFluxTemperatureFvPatchScalarField::
externalWallHeatFluxTemperatureFvPatchScalarField
(
    const fvPatch& p,
    const DimensionedField<scalar, volMesh>& iF,
    const dictionary& dict
)
:
    mixedFvPatchScalarField(p, iF),
    temperatureCoupledBase(patch(), dict),
    mode_(operationModeNames.get("mode", dict)),
    Q_(0),
    q_(),
    h_(),
    Ta_(),
    relaxation_(dict.lookupOrDefault<scalar>("relaxation", 1)),
    emissivity_(dict.lookupOrDefault<scalar>("emissivity", 0)),
    qrRelaxation_(dict.lookupOrDefault<scalar>("qrRelaxation", 1)),
    qrName_(dict.lookupOrDefault<word>("qr", "none")),
    thicknessLayers_(),
    kappaLayers_()
{
    switch (mode_)
    {
        case fixedPower:
        {
            dict.readEntry("Q", Q_);
 
            break;
        }
        case fixedHeatFlux:
        {
            q_ = scalarField("q", dict, p.size());
 
            break;
        }
        case fixedHeatTransferCoeff:
        {
            h_ = scalarField("h", dict, p.size());
            Ta_ = Function1<scalar>::New("Ta", dict);
 
            if (dict.readIfPresent("thicknessLayers", thicknessLayers_))
            {
                dict.readEntry("kappaLayers", kappaLayers_);
 
                if (thicknessLayers_.size() != kappaLayers_.size())
                {
                    FatalIOErrorInFunction(dict)
                        << "\n number of layers for thicknessLayers and "
                        << "kappaLayers must be the same"
                        << "\n for patch " << p.name()
                        << " of field " << internalField().name()
                        << " in file " << internalField().objectPath()
                        << exit(FatalIOError);
                }
            }
 
            break;
        }
    }
 
    fvPatchScalarField::operator=(scalarField("value", dict, p.size()));
 
    if (qrName_ != "none")
    {
        if (dict.found("qrPrevious"))
        {
            qrPrevious_ = scalarField("qrPrevious", dict, p.size());
        }
        else
        {
            qrPrevious_.setSize(p.size(), 0);
        }
    }
 
    if (dict.found("refValue"))
    {
        // Full restart
        refValue() = scalarField("refValue", dict, p.size());
        refGrad() = scalarField("refGradient", dict, p.size());
        valueFraction() = scalarField("valueFraction", dict, p.size());
    }
    else
    {
        // Start from user entered data. Assume fixedValue.
        refValue() = *this;
        refGrad() = 0;
        valueFraction() = 1;
    }
}
 
 
Foam::externalWallHeatFluxTemperatureFvPatchScalarField::
externalWallHeatFluxTemperatureFvPatchScalarField
(
    const externalWallHeatFluxTemperatureFvPatchScalarField& ptf,
    const fvPatch& p,
    const DimensionedField<scalar, volMesh>& iF,
    const fvPatchFieldMapper& mapper
)
:
    mixedFvPatchScalarField(ptf, p, iF, mapper),
    temperatureCoupledBase(patch(), ptf),
    mode_(ptf.mode_),
    Q_(ptf.Q_),
    q_(),
    h_(),
    Ta_(ptf.Ta_.clone()),
    relaxation_(ptf.relaxation_),
    emissivity_(ptf.emissivity_),
    qrPrevious_(),
    qrRelaxation_(ptf.qrRelaxation_),
    qrName_(ptf.qrName_),
    thicknessLayers_(ptf.thicknessLayers_),
    kappaLayers_(ptf.kappaLayers_)
{
    switch (mode_)
    {
        case fixedPower:
        {
            break;
        }
        case fixedHeatFlux:
        {
            q_.setSize(mapper.size());
            q_.map(ptf.q_, mapper);
 
            break;
        }
        case fixedHeatTransferCoeff:
        {
            h_.setSize(mapper.size());
            h_.map(ptf.h_, mapper);
 
            break;
        }
    }
 
    if (qrName_ != "none")
    {
        qrPrevious_.setSize(mapper.size());
        qrPrevious_.map(ptf.qrPrevious_, mapper);
    }
}
 
 
Foam::externalWallHeatFluxTemperatureFvPatchScalarField::
externalWallHeatFluxTemperatureFvPatchScalarField
(
    const externalWallHeatFluxTemperatureFvPatchScalarField& ewhftpsf
)
:
    mixedFvPatchScalarField(ewhftpsf),
    temperatureCoupledBase(ewhftpsf),
    mode_(ewhftpsf.mode_),
    Q_(ewhftpsf.Q_),
    q_(ewhftpsf.q_),
    h_(ewhftpsf.h_),
    Ta_(ewhftpsf.Ta_.clone()),
    relaxation_(ewhftpsf.relaxation_),
    emissivity_(ewhftpsf.emissivity_),
    qrPrevious_(ewhftpsf.qrPrevious_),
    qrRelaxation_(ewhftpsf.qrRelaxation_),
    qrName_(ewhftpsf.qrName_),
    thicknessLayers_(ewhftpsf.thicknessLayers_),
    kappaLayers_(ewhftpsf.kappaLayers_)
{}
 
 
Foam::externalWallHeatFluxTemperatureFvPatchScalarField::
externalWallHeatFluxTemperatureFvPatchScalarField
(
    const externalWallHeatFluxTemperatureFvPatchScalarField& ewhftpsf,
    const DimensionedField<scalar, volMesh>& iF
)
:
    mixedFvPatchScalarField(ewhftpsf, iF),
    temperatureCoupledBase(patch(), ewhftpsf),
    mode_(ewhftpsf.mode_),
    Q_(ewhftpsf.Q_),
    q_(ewhftpsf.q_),
    h_(ewhftpsf.h_),
    Ta_(ewhftpsf.Ta_.clone()),
    relaxation_(ewhftpsf.relaxation_),
    emissivity_(ewhftpsf.emissivity_),
    qrPrevious_(ewhftpsf.qrPrevious_),
    qrRelaxation_(ewhftpsf.qrRelaxation_),
    qrName_(ewhftpsf.qrName_),
    thicknessLayers_(ewhftpsf.thicknessLayers_),
    kappaLayers_(ewhftpsf.kappaLayers_)
{}
 
 
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Member Functions  * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
void Foam::externalWallHeatFluxTemperatureFvPatchScalarField::autoMap
(
    const fvPatchFieldMapper& m
)
{
    mixedFvPatchScalarField::autoMap(m);
 
    switch (mode_)
    {
        case fixedPower:
        {
            break;
        }
        case fixedHeatFlux:
        {
            q_.autoMap(m);
 
            break;
        }
        case fixedHeatTransferCoeff:
        {
            h_.autoMap(m);
 
            break;
        }
    }
 
    if (qrName_ != "none")
    {
        qrPrevious_.autoMap(m);
    }
}
 
 
void Foam::externalWallHeatFluxTemperatureFvPatchScalarField::rmap
(
    const fvPatchScalarField& ptf,
    const labelList& addr
)
{
    mixedFvPatchScalarField::rmap(ptf, addr);
 
    const externalWallHeatFluxTemperatureFvPatchScalarField& ewhftpsf =
        refCast<const externalWallHeatFluxTemperatureFvPatchScalarField>(ptf);
 
    switch (mode_)
    {
        case fixedPower:
        {
            break;
        }
        case fixedHeatFlux:
        {
            q_.rmap(ewhftpsf.q_, addr);
 
            break;
        }
        case fixedHeatTransferCoeff:
        {
            h_.rmap(ewhftpsf.h_, addr);
 
            break;
        }
    }
 
    if (qrName_ != "none")
    {
        qrPrevious_.rmap(ewhftpsf.qrPrevious_, addr);
    }
}
 
 
void Foam::externalWallHeatFluxTemperatureFvPatchScalarField::updateCoeffs()
{
    if (updated())
    {
        return;
    }
 
    const scalarField& Tp(*this);
 
    scalarField qr(Tp.size(), Zero);
    if (qrName_ != "none")
    {
        qr =
            qrRelaxation_
           *patch().lookupPatchField<volScalarField, scalar>(qrName_)
          + (1 - qrRelaxation_)*qrPrevious_;
 
        qrPrevious_ = qr;
    }
 
    switch (mode_)
    {
        case fixedPower:
        {
            refGrad() = (Q_/gSum(patch().magSf()) + qr)/kappa(Tp);
            refValue() = 0;
            valueFraction() = 0;
 
            break;
        }
        case fixedHeatFlux:
        {
            refGrad() = (q_ + qr)/kappa(Tp);
            refValue() = 0;
            valueFraction() = 0;
 
            break;
        }
        case fixedHeatTransferCoeff:
        {
            scalar totalSolidRes = 0;
            if (thicknessLayers_.size())
            {
                forAll(thicknessLayers_, iLayer)
                {
                    const scalar l = thicknessLayers_[iLayer];
                    if (kappaLayers_[iLayer] > 0)
                    {
                        totalSolidRes += l/kappaLayers_[iLayer];
                    }
                }
            }
            scalarField hp(1/(1/h_ + totalSolidRes));
 
            const scalar Ta = Ta_->value(this->db().time().timeOutputValue());
            scalarField hpTa(hp*Ta);
 
            if (emissivity_ > 0)
            {
                // Evaluate the radiative flux to the environment
                // from the surface temperature ...
                if (totalSolidRes > 0)
                {
                    // ... including the effect of the solid wall thermal
                    // resistance
                    scalarField TpLambda(h_/(h_ + 1/totalSolidRes));
                    scalarField Ts(TpLambda*Tp + (1 - TpLambda)*Ta);
                    scalarField lambdaTa4(pow4((1 - TpLambda)*Ta));
 
                    hp += emissivity_*sigma.value()*(pow4(Ts) - lambdaTa4)/Tp;
                    hpTa += emissivity_*sigma.value()*(lambdaTa4 + pow4(Ta));
                }
                else
                {
                    // ... if there is no solid wall thermal resistance use
                    // the current wall temperature
                    hp += emissivity_*sigma.value()*pow3(Tp);
                    hpTa += emissivity_*sigma.value()*pow4(Ta);
                }
            }
 
            const scalarField kappaDeltaCoeffs
            (
                this->kappa(Tp)*patch().deltaCoeffs()
            );
 
            refGrad() = 0;
 
            forAll(Tp, i)
            {
                if (qr[i] < 0)
                {
                    const scalar hpmqr = hp[i] - qr[i]/Tp[i];
 
                    refValue()[i] = hpTa[i]/hpmqr;
                    valueFraction()[i] = hpmqr/(hpmqr + kappaDeltaCoeffs[i]);
                }
                else
                {
                    refValue()[i] = (hpTa[i] + qr[i])/hp[i];
                    valueFraction()[i] = hp[i]/(hp[i] + kappaDeltaCoeffs[i]);
                }
            }
 
            break;
        }
    }
 
    valueFraction() = relaxation_*valueFraction() + (1 - relaxation_);
    refValue() = relaxation_*refValue() + (1 - relaxation_)*Tp;
 
    mixedFvPatchScalarField::updateCoeffs();
 
    DebugInfo
        << patch().boundaryMesh().mesh().name() << ':' << patch().name() << ':'
        << internalField().name() << " :"
        << " heat transfer rate:" << gSum(kappa(Tp)*patch().magSf()*snGrad())
        << " wall temperature "
        << " min:" << gMin(*this)
        << " max:" << gMax(*this)
        << " avg:" << gAverage(*this) << nl;
}
 
 
void Foam::externalWallHeatFluxTemperatureFvPatchScalarField::write
(
    Ostream& os
) const
{
    fvPatchScalarField::write(os);
 
    os.writeEntry("mode", operationModeNames[mode_]);
    temperatureCoupledBase::write(os);
 
    switch (mode_)
    {
        case fixedPower:
        {
            os.writeEntry("Q", Q_);
            break;
        }
        case fixedHeatFlux:
        {
            q_.writeEntry("q", os);
 
            break;
        }
        case fixedHeatTransferCoeff:
        {
            h_.writeEntry("h", os);
            Ta_->writeData(os);
 
            if (relaxation_ < 1)
            {
                os.writeEntry("relaxation", relaxation_);
            }
 
            if (emissivity_ > 0)
            {
                os.writeEntry("emissivity", emissivity_);
            }
 
            if (thicknessLayers_.size())
            {
                thicknessLayers_.writeEntry("thicknessLayers", os);
                kappaLayers_.writeEntry("kappaLayers", os);
            }
 
            break;
        }
    }
 
    os.writeEntry("qr", qrName_);
 
    if (qrName_ != "none")
    {
        os.writeEntry("qrRelaxation", qrRelaxation_);
 
        qrPrevious_.writeEntry("qrPrevious", os);
    }
 
    refValue().writeEntry("refValue", os);
    refGrad().writeEntry("refGradient", os);
    valueFraction().writeEntry("valueFraction", os);
    writeEntry("value", os);
}
 
 
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
namespace Foam
{
    makePatchTypeField
    (
        fvPatchScalarField,
        externalWallHeatFluxTemperatureFvPatchScalarField
    );
}
 
// ************************************************************************* //