A thermal wall function for simulation of boiling wall. More...

Inheritance diagram for alphatWallBoilingWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField:

Collaboration diagram for alphatWallBoilingWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField:

Public Types
enum	phaseType { vaporPhase , liquidPhase }
	Enumeration listing the possible operational modes. More...

Public Member Functions
	TypeName ("compressible::alphatWallBoilingWallFunction")
	Runtime type information. More...

	alphatWallBoilingWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField (const fvPatch &, const DimensionedField< scalar, volMesh > &)
	Construct from patch and internal field. More...

	alphatWallBoilingWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField (const fvPatch &, const DimensionedField< scalar, volMesh > &, const dictionary &)
	Construct from patch, internal field and dictionary. More...

	alphatWallBoilingWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField (const alphatWallBoilingWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField &, const fvPatch &, const DimensionedField< scalar, volMesh > &, const fvPatchFieldMapper &)

	alphatWallBoilingWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField (const alphatWallBoilingWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField &)
	Construct as copy. More...

virtual tmp< fvPatchScalarField >	clone () const
	Construct and return a clone. More...

	alphatWallBoilingWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField (const alphatWallBoilingWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField &, const DimensionedField< scalar, volMesh > &)
	Construct as copy setting internal field reference. More...

virtual tmp< fvPatchScalarField >	clone (const DimensionedField< scalar, volMesh > &iF) const
	Construct and return a clone setting internal field reference. More...

virtual bool	activePhasePair (const phasePairKey &) const
	Is there phase change mass transfer for this phasePair. More...

virtual const scalarField &	dmdt (const phasePairKey &) const
	Return the rate of phase-change for specific phase pair. More...

virtual const scalarField &	mDotL (const phasePairKey &) const
	Return the rate of phase-change for specific phase pair. More...

const scalarField &	dDeparture () const
	Return the departure diameter field. More...

const scalarField &	qq () const
	Return the quenching surface heat flux [W/m2]. More...

tmp< scalarField >	qe () const
	Return the evaporation surface heat flux [W/m2]. More...

const labelField &	regimeTypes () const noexcept
	Return const reference to the face regime. More...

virtual void	updateCoeffs ()
	Update the coefficients associated with the patch field. More...

virtual void	write (Ostream &) const
	Write. More...

virtual const scalarField &	dmdt () const
	Return the rate of phase-change. More...

virtual const scalarField &	dmdt (const phasePairKey &) const
	Return the rate of phase-change for specific phase pair. More...

virtual scalarField	dmdt (const word &) const
	Return the rate of phase-change for specific phase. More...

Public Member Functions inherited from alphatPhaseChangeJayatillekeWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField
	TypeName ("compressible::alphatPhaseChangeJayatillekeWallFunction")
	Runtime type information. More...

	alphatPhaseChangeJayatillekeWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField (const fvPatch &, const DimensionedField< scalar, volMesh > &)
	Construct from patch and internal field. More...

	alphatPhaseChangeJayatillekeWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField (const fvPatch &, const DimensionedField< scalar, volMesh > &, const dictionary &)
	Construct from patch, internal field and dictionary. More...

	alphatPhaseChangeJayatillekeWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField (const alphatPhaseChangeJayatillekeWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField &, const fvPatch &, const DimensionedField< scalar, volMesh > &, const fvPatchFieldMapper &)

	alphatPhaseChangeJayatillekeWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField (const alphatPhaseChangeJayatillekeWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField &)
	Construct as copy. More...

virtual tmp< fvPatchScalarField >	clone () const
	Construct and return a clone. More...

	alphatPhaseChangeJayatillekeWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField (const alphatPhaseChangeJayatillekeWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField &, const DimensionedField< scalar, volMesh > &)
	Construct as copy setting internal field reference. More...

virtual tmp< fvPatchScalarField >	clone (const DimensionedField< scalar, volMesh > &iF) const
	Construct and return a clone setting internal field reference. More...

virtual void	updateCoeffs ()
	Update the coefficients associated with the patch field. More...

virtual void	write (Ostream &) const
	Write. More...

Public Member Functions inherited from alphatPhaseChangeWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField
	TypeName ("compressible::alphatPhaseChangeWallFunction")
	Runtime type information. More...

	alphatPhaseChangeWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField (const fvPatch &, const DimensionedField< scalar, volMesh > &)
	Construct from patch and internal field. More...

	alphatPhaseChangeWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField (const fvPatch &, const DimensionedField< scalar, volMesh > &, const dictionary &)
	Construct from patch, internal field and dictionary. More...

	alphatPhaseChangeWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField (const alphatPhaseChangeWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField &, const fvPatch &, const DimensionedField< scalar, volMesh > &, const fvPatchFieldMapper &)

	alphatPhaseChangeWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField (const alphatPhaseChangeWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField &)
	Construct as copy. More...

	alphatPhaseChangeWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField (const alphatPhaseChangeWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField &, const DimensionedField< scalar, volMesh > &)
	Construct as copy setting internal field reference. More...

virtual const scalarField &	dmdt () const
	Return the rate of phase-change. More...

virtual const scalarField &	mDotL () const
	Return the enthalpy source due to phase-change. More...

virtual bool	activePhasePair (const phasePairKey &) const
	Is there phase change mass transfer for this phasePair. More...

virtual const scalarField &	dmdt (const phasePairKey &) const
	Return the rate of phase-change for specific phase pair. More...

virtual const scalarField &	mDotL (const phasePairKey &) const
	Return the rate of phase-change for specific phase pair. More...

virtual scalarField	dmdt (const word &) const
	Return the rate of phase-change for specific phase. More...

virtual scalarField	mDotL (const word &) const
	Return the enthalpy source due to phase-change for specific phase. More...

virtual void	updateCoeffs ()=0
	Update the coefficients associated with the patch field. More...

virtual void	write (Ostream &) const
	Write. More...

Additional Inherited Members
Protected Member Functions inherited from alphatPhaseChangeJayatillekeWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField
void	checkType ()
	Check the type of the patch. More...

tmp< scalarField >	Psmooth (const scalarField &Prat) const
	'P' function More...

tmp< scalarField >	yPlusTherm (const scalarField &P, const scalarField &Prat) const
	Calculate y+ at the edge of the thermal laminar sublayer. More...

tmp< scalarField >	calcAlphat (const scalarField &prevAlphat) const
	Update turbulent thermal diffusivity. More...

Protected Attributes inherited from alphatPhaseChangeJayatillekeWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField
scalar	Prt_
	Turbulent Prandtl number. More...

scalar	Cmu_
	Empirical model coefficient. More...

scalar	kappa_
	Von Karman constant. More...

scalar	E_
	Wall roughness parameter. More...

Protected Attributes inherited from alphatPhaseChangeWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField
scalarField	dmdt_
	Rate of phase-change. More...

scalarField	mDotL_
	Latent heat of the phase-change. More...

Static Protected Attributes inherited from alphatPhaseChangeJayatillekeWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField
static scalar	tolerance_ = 0.01
	Absolute tolerance. More...

static label	maxIters_ = 10
	Maximum number of iterations. More...

Detailed Description

A thermal wall function for simulation of boiling wall.

This alpha wall function can handle the following regimes:

single phase
subcooled nucleate wall boiling
transitional boiling
film boiling

The wall function uses a partition method to transfer heat either to the liquid or vapor phase. At the moment, this function works in a wall temperature fixed mode, i.e. there is no consideration for the sudden change of heat transfer coefficient (htc) after reaching TDBN (deviation from nucleate boiling temperature).

References:

    Srinivasan, V., Moon, K. M., Greif, D.,
    Wang, D. M., & Kim, M. H. (2010).
    Numerical simulation of immersion quenching
    process of an engine cylinder head.
    Applied Mathematical Modelling, 34(8), 2111-2128.
    DOI:10.1016/j.apm.2009.10.023

For the single phase non-boiling regime the standard JayatillekeWallFunction is used.

For the sub-cool nucleate boiling regime the following runtime selectable submodels are used:

nucleation site density
bubble departure frequency
bubble departure diameter

Implements a version of the well-known RPI wall boiling model (Kurul & Podowski, 1991). The model implementation is similar to the model described by Peltola & Pättikangas (2012) but has been extended with the wall heat flux partitioning models.

References:

    Kurul, N., & Podowski, M. Z. (1991).
    On the modeling of multidimensional effects in boiling channels.
    Proceedings of the 27th National Heat Transfer Conference.
    Minneapolis, Minn, USA, July 28-31, 1991.
    ISBN: 0-89448-162-1, pp. 30-40

    Peltola, J., & Pättikangas, T. (2012).
    Development and validation of a boiling model
    for OpenFOAM multiphase solver.
    Proceedings of the CFD4NRS-4. p. 59.
    Daejeon, Democratic People's Republic of Korea, September 10-12, 2012.

Alternatively a correlation can be used instead of the RPI wall boiling model. If the keyword nucleatingModel a model is provided the BC uses it instead of the RPI model.

The transition boiling regime flux (TBF) is modelled following a temperature based linear interpolation between the critical heat flux (CHF) and the minimum heat flux (MHF) in such a way that when the wall temperature is between the range of TDBN and the Leidenfrost temperature (TLeiden) a linear interpolation is used between CHF and MHF.

Thus, the following models are required:

LeidenfrostModel
CHFModel
CHFSubCoolModel
MHFModel
TDNBModel
filmBoilingModel

The linear interpolation is as follows:

\[ TBF = CHF*\phi + (1 - \phi)*MHF \]

with

\[ \phi = w_p*(T_w - T_{DNB})/(T_{Leiden} - T_{DNB}) \]

where:

\( w_p \)	=	Model constant
\( T_w \)	=	Wall temperature [K]

The film boiling regime is applied when \(T_w\) is larger than \(T_{Leiden}\). In this regime the correlation from the filmBoilingModel is used for calculating the cht from the wall.

The filmBoilingModel is needed in the vapor field in order to calculate the heat transfer to the vapor phase in film boiling regime.

Usage

Example of the boundary condition specification:

<patchName>
{
    // Mandatory entries
    type            compressible::alphatWallBoilingWallFunction;
    phaseType       <word>;
    otherPhase      <word>;
    relax           <Function1<scalar>>;

    partitioningModel
    {
        type        Lavieville;
        alphaCrit   0.2;
    }

    // Conditional entries

        // Option-1: phaseType=vapor

            // Optional entries
            LeidenfrostModel
            {
                type        Spiegler;
                Tcrit       647;
            }

            filmBoilingModel
            {
                type        Bromley;
            }


        // Option-2: phaseType=liquid
        nucleationSiteModel
        {
            type        LemmertChawla;
        }

        departureDiamModel
        {
            type        TolubinskiKostanchuk;
        }

        departureFreqModel
        {
            type        Cole;
        }

            // Optional entries
            LeidenfrostModel
            {
                type        Spiegler;
                Tcrit       647;
            }

            CHFModel
            {
                type        Zuber;
            }

            CHFSubCoolModel
            {
                type        HuaXu;
                Kburn       0.5;
            }

            MHFModel
            {
                type        Jeschar;
                Kmhf        1;
            }

            TDNBModel
            {
                type        Schroeder;
            }

            filmBoilingModel
            {
                type        Bromley;
            }

            dDep    <scalarField>;
            K       <scalar>;
            wp      <scalar>;
            qQuenching <scalarField>;


    // Optional entries
    alphatConv      <scalarField>;

    //Inherited entries
    ...

where the entries mean:

Property	Description	Type	Reqd	Deflt
`type`	compressible::alphatWallBoilingWallFunction	word	yes	-
`phaseType`	Name of phase type	word	yes	-
`otherPhase`	Name of other phase	word	yes	-
`relax`	Relaxation factor for dmdt	Function1<scalar>	yes	-
`alphatConv`	Convective turbulent thermal diffusivity	scalarField	no	0
`partitioningModel`	Run-time selected heat flux partitioning model	dict	yes	-

Options for the phaseType and otherPhase entries:

      vapor       | Vapor phase
      liquid      | Liquid phase

when phaseType=liquid:

Property	Description	Type	Reqd	Deflt
`nucleationSiteModel`	Nucleation site density model	dict	yes	-
`departureDiamModel`	Bubble departure diameter model	dict	yes	-
`departureFreqModel`	Bubble departure frequency model	dict	yes	-
`LeidenfrostModel`	Leidenfrost temperature model	dict	no	-
`CHFModel`	Critical heat flux model	dict	no	-
`CHFSubCoolModel`	CHF sub-cool model	dict	no	-
`MHFModel`	Minium heat flux model	dict	no	-
`TDNBModel`	Departure from nulceate boiling model	dict	no	-
`filmBoilingModel`	Film boiling model	dict	no	-
`K`	Model constant for area of bubbles	scalar	no	4.0
`wp`	Wetting parameter for transient boiling	scalar	no	1.0

The inherited entries are elaborated in: -NotesRuntime selectabale submodels may require model specific entriesphaseType and otherPhase entries should be the opposite of each other. Foam::alphatPhaseChangeJayatillekeWallFunctionFvPatchField Source files alphatWallBoilingWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField.H alphatWallBoilingWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField.C

Definition at line 438 of file alphatWallBoilingWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField.H.

Member Enumeration Documentation

◆ phaseType

enum phaseType

Enumeration listing the possible operational modes.

Enumerator
vaporPhase
liquidPhase

Definition at line 447 of file alphatWallBoilingWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField.H.

Constructor & Destructor Documentation

◆ alphatWallBoilingWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField() [1/5]

alphatWallBoilingWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField	(	const fvPatch &	p,
		const DimensionedField< scalar, volMesh > &	iF
	)

Construct from patch and internal field.

Definition at line 68 of file alphatWallBoilingWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField.C.

References forAll, and DimensionedField< Type, GeoMesh >::mesh().

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◆ alphatWallBoilingWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField() [2/5]

alphatWallBoilingWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField	(	const fvPatch &	p,
		const DimensionedField< scalar, volMesh > &	iF,
		const dictionary &	dict
	)

Construct from patch, internal field and dictionary.

Definition at line 108 of file alphatWallBoilingWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField.C.

References Foam::abort(), dict, alphatPhaseChangeWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField::dmdt_, Foam::FatalError, FatalErrorInFunction, filmDict, dictionary::findDict(), forAll, dictionary::found(), Foam::constant::mathematical::group, alphatWallBoilingWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField::liquidPhase, DimensionedField< Type, GeoMesh >::mesh(), Time::New(), Foam::nl, p, dictionary::readIfPresent(), UList< T >::size(), dictionary::subDict(), alphatWallBoilingWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField::vaporPhase, and Foam::Zero.

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◆ alphatWallBoilingWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField() [3/5]

alphatWallBoilingWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField	(	const alphatWallBoilingWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField &	psf,
		const fvPatch &	p,
		const DimensionedField< scalar, volMesh > &	iF,
		const fvPatchFieldMapper &	mapper
	)

Construct by mapping given alphatWallBoilingWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField onto a new patch

Definition at line 286 of file alphatWallBoilingWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField.C.

◆ alphatWallBoilingWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField() [4/5]

alphatWallBoilingWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField ( const alphatWallBoilingWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField & psf )

Construct as copy.

Definition at line 326 of file alphatWallBoilingWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField.C.

◆ alphatWallBoilingWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField() [5/5]

alphatWallBoilingWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField	(	const alphatWallBoilingWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField &	psf,
		const DimensionedField< scalar, volMesh > &	iF
	)

Construct as copy setting internal field reference.

Definition at line 357 of file alphatWallBoilingWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField.C.

Member Function Documentation

◆ TypeName()

TypeName ( "compressible::alphatWallBoilingWallFunction" )

Runtime type information.

◆ clone() [1/2]

virtual tmp< fvPatchScalarField > clone ( ) const

inlinevirtual

Construct and return a clone.

Reimplemented from alphatPhaseChangeJayatillekeWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField.

Definition at line 593 of file alphatWallBoilingWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField.H.

◆ clone() [2/2]

virtual tmp< fvPatchScalarField > clone ( const DimensionedField< scalar, volMesh > & iF ) const

inlinevirtual

Construct and return a clone setting internal field reference.

Reimplemented from alphatPhaseChangeJayatillekeWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField.

Definition at line 609 of file alphatWallBoilingWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField.H.

◆ activePhasePair()

bool activePhasePair ( const phasePairKey & phasePair ) const

virtual

Is there phase change mass transfer for this phasePair.

Reimplemented from alphatPhaseChangeWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField.

Definition at line 391 of file alphatWallBoilingWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField.C.

References Foam::constant::mathematical::group.

Referenced by alphatWallBoilingWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField::dmdt(), and alphatWallBoilingWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField::mDotL().

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◆ dmdt() [1/4]

const scalarField & dmdt ( const phasePairKey & phasePair ) const

virtual

Return the rate of phase-change for specific phase pair.

Reimplemented from alphatPhaseChangeWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField.

Definition at line 402 of file alphatWallBoilingWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField.C.

References Foam::abort(), alphatWallBoilingWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField::activePhasePair(), alphatPhaseChangeWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField::dmdt_, Foam::FatalError, and FatalErrorInFunction.

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◆ mDotL()

const scalarField & mDotL ( const phasePairKey & phasePair ) const

virtual

Return the rate of phase-change for specific phase pair.

Reimplemented from alphatPhaseChangeWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField.

Definition at line 417 of file alphatWallBoilingWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField.C.

References Foam::abort(), alphatWallBoilingWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField::activePhasePair(), Foam::FatalError, FatalErrorInFunction, and alphatPhaseChangeWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField::mDotL_.

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◆ dDeparture()

const scalarField & dDeparture ( ) const

inline

Return the departure diameter field.

Definition at line 635 of file alphatWallBoilingWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField.H.

◆ qq()

const scalarField & qq ( ) const

inline

Return the quenching surface heat flux [W/m2].

Definition at line 641 of file alphatWallBoilingWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField.H.

Referenced by alphatWallBoilingWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField::updateCoeffs().

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◆ qe()

tmp< scalarField > qe ( ) const

inline

Return the evaporation surface heat flux [W/m2].

Definition at line 647 of file alphatWallBoilingWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField.H.

References alphatPhaseChangeWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField::mDotL_.

Referenced by alphatWallBoilingWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField::updateCoeffs().

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◆ regimeTypes()

const labelField & regimeTypes ( ) const

inlinenoexcept

Return const reference to the face regime.

Definition at line 653 of file alphatWallBoilingWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField.H.

◆ updateCoeffs()

void updateCoeffs ( )

virtual

Update the coefficients associated with the patch field.

Reimplemented from alphatPhaseChangeJayatillekeWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField.

Definition at line 433 of file alphatWallBoilingWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField.C.

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◆ write()

void write ( Ostream & os ) const

virtual

Write.

Reimplemented from alphatPhaseChangeJayatillekeWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField.

Definition at line 1224 of file alphatWallBoilingWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField.C.

References Ostream::beginBlock(), alphatPhaseChangeWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField::dmdt_, Ostream::endBlock(), alphatWallBoilingWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField::liquidPhase, os(), alphatWallBoilingWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField::vaporPhase, ObukhovLength::write(), Ostream::writeEntry(), and Field< Type >::writeEntry().

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◆ dmdt() [2/4]

virtual const scalarField & dmdt ( ) const

inlinevirtual

Return the rate of phase-change.

Reimplemented from alphatPhaseChangeWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField.

Definition at line 168 of file alphatPhaseChangeWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField.H.

◆ dmdt() [3/4]

virtual const scalarField & dmdt ( const phasePairKey & ) const

inlinevirtual

Return the rate of phase-change for specific phase pair.

Reimplemented from alphatPhaseChangeWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField.

Definition at line 186 of file alphatPhaseChangeWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField.H.

◆ dmdt() [4/4]

virtual scalarField dmdt ( const word & ) const

inlinevirtual

Return the rate of phase-change for specific phase.

Reimplemented from alphatPhaseChangeWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField.

Definition at line 198 of file alphatPhaseChangeWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField.H.

The documentation for this class was generated from the following files:

src/phaseSystemModels/reactingEuler/multiphaseSystem/derivedFvPatchFields/alphatWallBoilingWallFunction/alphatWallBoilingWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField.H
src/phaseSystemModels/reactingEuler/multiphaseSystem/derivedFvPatchFields/alphatWallBoilingWallFunction/alphatWallBoilingWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField.C

Public Types

Public Member Functions

Additional Inherited Members

Detailed Description

Member Enumeration Documentation

◆ phaseType

Constructor & Destructor Documentation

◆ alphatWallBoilingWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField() [1/5]

◆ alphatWallBoilingWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField() [2/5]

◆ alphatWallBoilingWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField() [3/5]

◆ alphatWallBoilingWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField() [4/5]

◆ alphatWallBoilingWallFunctionFvPatchScalarField() [5/5]

Member Function Documentation

◆ TypeName()

◆ clone() [1/2]

◆ clone() [2/2]

◆ activePhasePair()

◆ dmdt() [1/4]

◆ mDotL()

◆ dDeparture()

◆ qq()

◆ qe()

◆ regimeTypes()

◆ updateCoeffs()

◆ write()

◆ dmdt() [2/4]

◆ dmdt() [3/4]

◆ dmdt() [4/4]