The open source CFD toolbox
SphereDragForce.H
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9 Copyright (C) 2021 OpenCFD Ltd.
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22 for more details.
23
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25 along with OpenFOAM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
26
27Class
28 Foam::SphereDragForce
29
30Group
31 grpLagrangianIntermediateForceSubModels
32
33Description
34 Particle-drag model wherein drag forces (per unit carrier-fluid
35 velocity) are dynamically computed based on empirical expressions.
36
37 \f[
38 \mathrm{F}_\mathrm{D} =
39 \frac{3}{4}
40 \frac{\mu_c\,\mathrm{C}_\mathrm{D}\,\mathrm{Re}_p}{\rho_p \, d_p^2}
41 \f]
42 with
43
44 \f[
45 \mathrm{C}_\mathrm{D} =
46 \frac{24}{\mathrm{Re}_p}
47 \left(1 + \frac{1}{6}\mathrm{Re}_p^{2/3} \right)
49 \f]
50 \f[
51 \mathrm{C}_\mathrm{D} =
53 \f]
54 and
55 \f[
56 \mathrm{Re}_p =
57 \frac{\rho_c \, | \mathbf{u}_\mathrm{rel} | \, d_p}{\mu_c}
58 \f]
59
60 where
61 \vartable
62 \mathrm{F}_\mathrm{D} | Drag force per carrier-fluid velocity [kg/s]
63 \mathrm{C}_\mathrm{D} | Particle drag coefficient
64 \mathrm{Re}_p | Particle Reynolds number
65 \rho_p | Particle mass density
66 \mu_c | Dynamic viscosity of carrier at the cell occupying particle
67 d_p | Particle diameter
68 \rho_c | Density of carrier at the cell occupying particle
69 \mathbf{u}_\mathrm{rel} | Relative velocity between particle and carrier
70 \endvartable
71
72 Constraints:
73 - Particles remain spherical throughout the force
74 computation, hence no particle distortion.
75 - Applicable to particles with a spatially homogeneous distribution.
76
77 References:
78 \verbatim
79 Standard model:
80 Putnam, A. (1961).
81 Integratable form of droplet drag coefficient.
82 ARS Journal, 31(10), 1467-1468.
83
84 Expressions (tag:AOB), (Eq. 34-35):
85 Amsden, A. A., O'Rourke, P. J., & Butler, T. D. (1989).
86 KIVA-II: A computer program for chemically
87 reactive flows with sprays (No. LA-11560-MS).
88 Los Alamos National Lab.(LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States).
89 DOI:10.2172/6228444
90 \endverbatim
91
92Usage
93 Minimal example by using \c constant/<CloudProperties>:
94 \verbatim
95 subModels
96 {
97 particleForces
98 {
99 sphereDrag;
100 }
101 }
102 \endverbatim
103
104 where the entries mean:
105 \table
106 Property | Description | Type | Reqd | Deflt
107 type | Type name: sphereDrag | word | yes | -
108 \endtable
109
110Note
111 - \f$\mathrm{F}_\mathrm{D}\f$ is weighted with the particle mass/density
112 at the stage of a function return, so that it can later be normalised
113 with the effective mass, if necessary (e.g. when using virtual-mass forces).
114
115SourceFiles
116 SphereDragForce.C
117
118\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
119
120#ifndef SphereDragForce_H
121#define SphereDragForce_H
122
123#include "ParticleForce.H"
124
125// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
126
127namespace Foam
128{
129/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
130 Class SphereDragForce Declaration
131\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
132
133template<class CloudType>
134class SphereDragForce
135:
136 public ParticleForce<CloudType>
137{
138 // Private Member Functions
139
140 //- Drag coefficient multiplied by Reynolds number
141 scalar CdRe(const scalar Re) const;
142
143
144public:
145
146 //- Runtime type information
147 TypeName("sphereDrag");
148
149
150 // Constructors
151
152 //- Construct from mesh
154 (
156 const fvMesh& mesh,
157 const dictionary& dict
158 );
159
160 //- Construct copy
161 SphereDragForce(const SphereDragForce<CloudType>& df);
162
163 //- Construct and return a clone
164 virtual autoPtr<ParticleForce<CloudType>> clone() const
165 {
166 return autoPtr<ParticleForce<CloudType>>
167 (
168 new SphereDragForce<CloudType>(*this)
169 );
170 }
171
172 //- No copy assignment
173 void operator=(const SphereDragForce<CloudType>&) = delete;
174
175
176 //- Destructor
177 virtual ~SphereDragForce() = default;
178
179
180 // Member Functions
181
182 // Evaluation
183
184 //- Calculate the coupled force
185 virtual forceSuSp calcCoupled
186 (
187 const typename CloudType::parcelType& p,
188 const typename CloudType::parcelType::trackingData& td,
189 const scalar dt,
190 const scalar mass,
191 const scalar Re,
192 const scalar muc
193 ) const;
194};
195
196
197// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
198
199} // End namespace Foam
200
201// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
202
203#ifdef NoRepository
204 #include "SphereDragForce.C"
205#endif
206
207// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
208
209#endif
210
211// ************************************************************************* //
Templated base class for dsmc cloud.
Definition: DSMCCloud.H:75
ParcelType parcelType
Type of parcel the cloud was instantiated for.
Definition: DSMCCloud.H:220
Abstract base class for particle forces.
Definition: ParticleForce.H:60
const CloudType & owner() const
const fvMesh & mesh() const
Return the mesh database.
Particle-drag model wherein drag forces (per unit carrier-fluid velocity) are dynamically computed ba...
TypeName("sphereDrag")
Runtime type information.
virtual autoPtr< ParticleForce< CloudType > > clone() const
Construct and return a clone.
SphereDragForce(CloudType &owner, const fvMesh &mesh, const dictionary &dict)
Construct from mesh.
virtual ~SphereDragForce()=default
Destructor.
virtual forceSuSp calcCoupled(const typename CloudType::parcelType &p, const typename CloudType::parcelType::trackingData &td, const scalar dt, const scalar mass, const scalar Re, const scalar muc) const
Calculate the coupled force.
void operator=(const SphereDragForce< CloudType > &)=delete
No copy assignment.
Pointer management similar to std::unique_ptr, with some additional methods and type checking.
Definition: autoPtr.H:66
A list of keyword definitions, which are a keyword followed by a number of values (eg,...
Definition: dictionary.H:126
Class used to pass data into container.
Helper container for force Su and Sp terms.
Definition: forceSuSp.H:67
Mesh data needed to do the Finite Volume discretisation.
Definition: fvMesh.H:91
volScalarField & p
Namespace for OpenFOAM.
DSMCCloud< dsmcParcel > CloudType
scalarField Re(const UList< complex > &cf)
Extract real component.
Definition: complexField.C:159
dictionary dict
#define TypeName(TypeNameString)
Declare a ClassName() with extra virtual type info.
Definition: typeInfo.H:73